{"id":2101,"date":"2025-10-28T17:55:41","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T09:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/?p=2101"},"modified":"2025-10-28T17:57:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T09:57:37","slug":"mongodb-express-react-node-js%e5%85%a8%e6%a0%88%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/28\/mongodb-express-react-node-js%e5%85%a8%e6%a0%88%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB + Express + React + Node.js\u5168\u6808\u9879\u76ee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) \u6280\u672f\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Todo List \u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u6808\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5165\u95e8\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u5206\u522b\u521b\u5efa server<\/code>\uff08\u540e\u7aef\uff09\u548c client<\/code>\uff08\u524d\u7aef\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e(MongoDB Atlas)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MongoDB Atla<\/strong>s\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u514d\u8d39\u4e91\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u754c\u9762\u5927\u6982\u957f\u8fd9\u6837<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u540e\u7aef(Express)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fdb\u5165server\u76ee\u5f55 \u5f00\u59cb\u642d\u5efa\u540e\u7aef<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A.\u540e\u7aef\u9879\u76ee\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.\u521d\u59cb\u5316Node.js\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
npm init -y \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2apackage.json\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
express<\/strong><\/code>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Node.js web \u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mongoose<\/strong><\/code>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a ODM (Object Data Modeling) \u5e93 \u5b83\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/strong> \u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528 JavaScript \u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Schema\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cors<\/strong><\/code>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8\u57df\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab (CORS)<\/strong> \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684 React \u524d\u7aef (\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 localhost:3000<\/code>) \u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u7aef (\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 localhost:5000<\/code>)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684”\u57df”\uff08\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dotenv<\/strong><\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf \u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a .env<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nodemon<\/strong><\/code> (\u5f00\u53d1\u4f9d\u8d56)\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76d1\u89c6\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5b89\u88c5\u751f\u4ea7\u4f9d\u8d56\nnpm install express mongoose cors dotenv\n\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u5f00\u53d1\u4f9d\u8d56\nnpm install -D nodemon<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u914d\u7f6epackage.json <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u6253\u5f00 package.json<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728 scripts<\/code> \u90e8\u5206\u6dfb\u52a0 “start” \u548c “dev” \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"scripts\": {\n  \"start\": \"node server.js\",\n  \"dev\": \"nodemon server.js\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
npm start<\/code>\uff1a\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm run dev<\/code>\uff1a\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 nodemon\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u521b\u5efa.env\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 server<\/code> \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa .env<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6 \u8fd9\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u79d8\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# .env \u6587\u4ef6\n\n# \u628a\u4f60\u5728 MongoDB Atlas \u590d\u5236\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\n# \u628a <username> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d (\u4f8b\u5982 todoUser)\n# \u628a <password> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bc6\u7801 (\u4f8b\u5982 yourStrongPassword123)\n# \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728 .net\/ \u540e\u9762\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 .net\/todolist?\nMONGO_URI=mongodb+srv:\/\/todoUser:yourStrongPassword123@cluster0.xxxxx.mongodb.net\/todolist?retryWrites=true&w=majority\n\n# \u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 5000 \u7aef\u53e3\nPORT=5000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5.\u521b\u5efa.gitignore\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 server<\/code> \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa .gitignore<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u628a node_modules<\/code> \u548c .env<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 Git<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# .gitignore \u6587\u4ef6\nnode_modules\n.env<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
B.\u540e\u7aef\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u6574\u6d01\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528 MVC (Model-View-Controller) \u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
server\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 config\/
\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 db.js # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u903b\u8f91
\u251c\u2500\u2500 models\/
\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Todo.js # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b (Schema)
\u251c\u2500\u2500 controllers\/
\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 todoController.js # API \u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91
\u251c\u2500\u2500 routes\/
\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 todos.js # API \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5b9a\u4e49
\u251c\u2500\u2500 node_modules\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 .env # \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
\u251c\u2500\u2500 .gitignore
\u251c\u2500\u2500 package.json
\u2514\u2500\u2500 server.js # \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5165\u53e3\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C.\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1.\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5(config\/db.js)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4f60 MongoDB Atlas \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ config\/db.js\nconst mongoose = require('mongoose');\nconst dotenv = require('dotenv');\n\n\/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d .env \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\ndotenv.config();\n\nconst connectDB = async () => {\n  try {\n    \/\/ mongoose.connect \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a promise\n    await mongoose.connect(process.env.MONGO_URI, {\n      \/\/ \u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f Mongoose 6.x \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5199\uff0cMongoose \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\n      \/\/ useNewUrlParser: true, \n      \/\/ useUnifiedTopology: true,\n    });\n    console.log('MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f...');\n  } catch (err) {\n    console.error('MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25:', err.message);\n    \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9000\u51fa Node.js \u8fdb\u7a0b\n    process.exit(1);\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = connectDB;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b(models\/Todo.js)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Mongoose Schema<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49 “Todo” \u4e8b\u9879\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u957f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ models\/Todo.js\nconst mongoose = require('mongoose');\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49 Schema\nconst TodoSchema = new mongoose.Schema({\n  task: {\n    type: String,\n    required: [true, '\u4efb\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a'], \/\/ \u5fc5\u586b\u9879\n  },\n  completed: {\n    type: Boolean,\n    default: false, \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a false (\u672a\u5b8c\u6210)\n  },\n  createdAt: {\n    type: Date,\n    default: Date.now, \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\n  },\n});\n\n\/\/ \u5bfc\u51fa\u6a21\u578b\n\/\/ mongoose.model('\u6a21\u578b\u540d', Schema)\n\/\/ 'Todo' \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0cMongoDB \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f 'todos' \u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\uff08collection\uff09\u7684\u540d\u5b57\nmodule.exports = mongoose.model('Todo', TodoSchema);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u8def\u7531(routes\/todos.js)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u8def\u7531\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b9a\u4e49 API \u7684 URL \u8def\u5f84 (endpoints) \u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5 (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u7531\u54ea\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ routes\/todos.js\nconst express = require('express');\nconst router = express.Router();\n\n\/\/ \u5f15\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\nconst {\n  getTodos,\n  createTodo,\n  updateTodo,\n  deleteTodo,\n} = require('..\/controllers\/todoController');\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531\n\/\/ GET \/api\/todos - \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 todo\nrouter.get('\/', getTodos);\n\n\/\/ POST \/api\/todos - \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 todo\nrouter.post('\/', createTodo);\n\n\/\/ PUT \/api\/todos\/:id - \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a todo (\u4f8b\u5982\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210)\n\/\/ :id \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a todo \u7684\u552f\u4e00 ID\nrouter.put('\/:id', updateTodo);\n\n\/\/ DELETE \/api\/todos\/:id - \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a todo\nrouter.delete('\/:id', deleteTodo);\n\nmodule.exports = router;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u63a7\u5236\u5668(controllers\/todoController.js)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff08\u901a\u8fc7 Model\uff09\u3001\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 async\/await<\/code> \u6765\u5904\u7406 Mongoose \u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ controllers\/todoController.js\nconst Todo = require('..\/models\/Todo'); \/\/ \u5f15\u5165 Todo \u6a21\u578b\n\n\/\/ @desc    \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 Todos\n\/\/ @route   GET \/api\/todos\nexports.getTodos = async (req, res) => {\n  try {\n    \/\/ Todo.find() \u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u8fd9\u4e2a collection \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\n    \/\/ .sort({ createdAt: -1 }) \u6309\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\n    const todos = await Todo.find().sort({ createdAt: -1 });\n\n    \/\/ res.json() \u53d1\u9001 JSON \u54cd\u5e94\n    res.status(200).json(todos);\n  } catch (err) {\n    res.status(500).json({ message: '\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef', error: err.message });\n  }\n};\n\n\/\/ @desc    \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Todo\n\/\/ @route   POST \/api\/todos\nexports.createTodo = async (req, res) => {\n  try {\n    \/\/ req.body \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ece\u524d\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e (\u4f8b\u5982: { \"task\": \"\u5b66\u4e60 Node.js\" })\n    const { task } = req.body;\n\n    if (!task) {\n      return res.status(400).json({ message: '\u4efb\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a' });\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 Todo \u6a21\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b9e\u4f8b\n    const newTodo = new Todo({\n      task: task,\n      \/\/ 'completed' \u548c 'createdAt' \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Schema \u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\n    });\n\n    \/\/ .save() \u5c06\u65b0\u6587\u6863\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n    const savedTodo = await newTodo.save();\n\n    res.status(201).json(savedTodo); \/\/ 201 \u8868\u793a \"Created\"\n  } catch (err) {\n    res.status(500).json({ message: '\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef', error: err.message });\n  }\n};\n\n\/\/ @desc    \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a Todo (\u5207\u6362 completed \u72b6\u6001)\n\/\/ @route   PUT \/api\/todos\/:id\nexports.updateTodo = async (req, res) => {\n  try {\n    \/\/ req.params.id \u4ece URL \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6 ID\n    const todo = await Todo.findById(req.params.id);\n\n    if (!todo) {\n      return res.status(404).json({ message: '\u672a\u627e\u5230\u8be5 Todo' });\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u5207\u6362 completed \u72b6\u6001\n    \/\/ \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 req.body \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u505a\u5207\u6362\n    todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n\n    const updatedTodo = await todo.save();\n    \/\/ \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 findByIdAndUpdate\n    \/\/ const updatedTodo = await Todo.findByIdAndUpdate(\n    \/\/   req.params.id,\n    \/\/   { completed: !todo.completed },\n    \/\/   { new: true } \/\/ {new: true} \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u6587\u6863\n    \/\/ );\n\n    res.status(200).json(updatedTodo);\n  } catch (err) {\n    res.status(500).json({ message: '\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef', error: err.message });\n  }\n};\n\n\/\/ @desc    \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a Todo\n\/\/ @route   DELETE \/api\/todos\/:id\nexports.deleteTodo = async (req, res) => {\n  try {\n    const todo = await Todo.findById(req.params.id);\n\n    if (!todo) {\n      return res.status(404).json({ message: '\u672a\u627e\u5230\u8be5 Todo' });\n    }\n\n    \/\/ await todo.remove(); \/\/ Mongoose 6.x \u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\n    await Todo.findByIdAndDelete(req.params.id);\n\n    res.status(200).json({ message: 'Todo \u5220\u9664\u6210\u529f' });\n  } catch (err) {\n    res.status(500).json({ message: '\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef', error: err.message });\n  }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5.\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5165\u53e3(server.js)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684”\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6”  \u8d1f\u8d23\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u521d\u59cb\u5316 Express<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u52a0\u8f7d\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6 (cors, express.json)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u6302\u8f7d\u8def\u7531<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \/\/ server.js\nconst express = require('express');\nconst dotenv = require('dotenv');\nconst cors = require('cors');\nconst connectDB = require('.\/config\/db'); \/\/ \u5f15\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u51fd\u6570\n\n\/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf (\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762)\ndotenv.config();\n\n\/\/ \u5f15\u5165\u8def\u7531\u6587\u4ef6\nconst todoRoutes = require('.\/routes\/todos');\n\n\/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nconnectDB();\n\n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316 Express app\nconst app = express();\n\n\/\/ \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\n\/\/ 1. \u542f\u7528 CORS\napp.use(cors());\n\/\/ 2. \u542f\u7528 Express \u5185\u7f6e\u7684 JSON \u89e3\u6790\u5668\n\/\/ (\u8fd9\u6837 req.body \u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u6790 application\/json \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53)\napp.use(express.json());\n\n\/\/ \u6302\u8f7d\u8def\u7531\n\/\/ \u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee \/api\/todos \u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 todoRoutes \u6765\u5904\u7406\napp.use('\/api\/todos', todoRoutes);\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u6839\u8def\u7531 (\u53ef\u9009, \u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c)\napp.get('\/', (req, res) => {\n  res.send('Todo List API \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c...');\n});\n\n\/\/ \u4ece .env \u6587\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 5000\nconst PORT = process.env.PORT || 5000;\n\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\napp.listen(PORT, () => {\n  console.log(`\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5728 http:\/\/localhost:${PORT} \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c`);\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    D.\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\u7aef<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    npm run dev  (server\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u663e\u793a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u2026
    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5728 http:\/\/localhost:5000 \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u524d\u7aef(React)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5207\u6362\u5230client\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    A.React \u9879\u76ee\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    1.\u4f7f\u7528 Create React App (CRA) \u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    npx create-react-app . \n# \u6ce8\u610f\u540e\u9762\u7684 \".\" \u8868\u793a\u5728\u5f53\u524d (client) \u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2.\u5b89\u88c5 axios<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 axios<\/code> \u6765\u53d1\u8d77 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u7aef API\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u539f\u751f\u7684 fetch<\/code> \u66f4\u597d\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    npm install axios<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406(Proxy)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684 CORS \u8de8\u57df\u95ee\u9898\uff08React:3000 -> Express:5000\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 client\/package.json<\/code> \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a proxy<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u6253\u5f00 client\/package.json<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u4e0e dependencies<\/code> \u540c\u7ea7\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"proxy\": \"http:\/\/localhost:5000\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540e\uff0cReact \u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u53d1\u8d77 \/api\/todos<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u4ee3\u7406\u5230 http:\/\/localhost:5000\/api\/todos<\/code>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8de8\u57df<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    4.\u6e05\u7406src\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5220\u9664 src<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 App.test.js<\/code>, logo.svg<\/code>, setupTests.js<\/code> \u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301 App.js<\/code>, index.js<\/code>, App.css<\/code>, index.css<\/code> \u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    B.React\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    src\/App.js<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \/\/ src\/App.js\nimport React, { useState, useEffect }\n  from 'react';\nimport axios from 'axios';\nimport '.\/App.css'; \/\/ \u5f15\u5165 CSS\n\nfunction App() {\n  const [todos, setTodos] = useState([]);\n  const [newTask, setNewTask] = useState('');\n\n  \/\/ 1. \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 Todos (GET)\n  const fetchTodos = async () => {\n    try {\n      \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 proxy, \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5199 \/api\/todos\n      const res = await axios.get('\/api\/todos');\n      setTodos(res.data);\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.error('\u83b7\u53d6 Todos \u5931\u8d25:', err);\n    }\n  };\n\n  \/\/ \u9996\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\n  useEffect(() => {\n    fetchTodos();\n  }, []); \/\/ \u7a7a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\n\n  \/\/ 2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0 Todo (POST)\n  const handleAddTodo = async (e) => {\n    e.preventDefault(); \/\/ \u963b\u6b62\u8868\u5355\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\n    if (!newTask.trim()) return; \/\/ \u5ffd\u7565\u7a7a\u4efb\u52a1\n\n    try {\n      const res = await axios.post('\/api\/todos', { task: newTask });\n      \/\/ \u5c06\u65b0\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 todo \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762\n      setTodos([res.data, ...todos]);\n      setNewTask(''); \/\/ \u6e05\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u6846\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.error('\u6dfb\u52a0 Todo \u5931\u8d25:', err);\n    }\n  };\n\n  \/\/ 3. \u5207\u6362 Todo \u5b8c\u6210\u72b6\u6001 (PUT)\n  const handleToggleComplete = async (id, currentCompleted) => {\n    try {\n      const res = await axios.put(`\/api\/todos\/${id}`, {\n        \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 body \u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\n        \/\/ \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 { completed: !currentCompleted }\n      });\n\n      \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u524d\u7aef state\n      setTodos(\n        todos.map((todo) =>\n          todo._id === id ? { ...todo, completed: res.data.completed } : todo\n        )\n      );\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.error('\u66f4\u65b0 Todo \u5931\u8d25:', err);\n    }\n  };\n\n  \/\/ 4. \u5220\u9664 Todo (DELETE)\n  const handleDeleteTodo = async (id) => {\n    \/\/ *** \u65b0\u589e\u7684\u5220\u9664\u786e\u8ba4\u903b\u8f91 ***\n    if (!window.confirm('\u60a8\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5417\uff1f')) {\n      return; \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u53d6\u6d88\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\n    }\n    \/\/ *** \u7ed3\u675f\u65b0\u589e\u903b\u8f91 ***\n\n    try {\n      await axios.delete(`\/api\/todos\/${id}`);\n      \/\/ \u4ece\u524d\u7aef state \u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\n      setTodos(todos.filter((todo) => todo._id !== id));\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.error('\u5220\u9664 Todo \u5931\u8d25:', err);\n    }\n  };\n\n  return (\n    <div className=\"App\">\n      <header>\n        <h1>Todo List<\/h1>\n      <\/header>\n\n      {\/* \u6dfb\u52a0 Todo \u7684\u8868\u5355 *\/}\n      <form onSubmit={handleAddTodo} className=\"add-todo-form\">\n        <input\n          type=\"text\"\n          value={newTask}\n          onChange={(e) => setNewTask(e.target.value)}\n          placeholder=\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1...\"\n        \/>\n        <button type=\"submit\">\u6dfb\u52a0<\/button>\n      <\/form>\n\n      {\/* Todo \u5217\u8868 *\/}\n      <ul className=\"todo-list\">\n        {todos.map((todo) => (\n          <li\n            key={todo._id}\n            className={`todo-item ${todo.completed ? 'completed' : ''}`}\n          >\n            <span\n              onClick={() => handleToggleComplete(todo._id, todo.completed)}\n              className=\"task-text\"\n            >\n              {todo.task}\n            <\/span>\n            <button\n              onClick={() => handleDeleteTodo(todo._id)}\n              className=\"delete-btn\"\n            >\n              \u5220\u9664\n            <\/button>\n          <\/li>\n        ))}\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  );\n}\n\nexport default App;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    src\/App.css<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \/* src\/App.css *\/\n\n\/* \u901a\u7528\u6837\u5f0f\u548c\u5e03\u5c40 *\/\nbody {\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0;\n  font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;\n  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;\n  \/* \u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u6e10\u53d8\u80cc\u666f *\/\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f8ff 0%, #e6e6fa 100%); \n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: center;\n  align-items: flex-start; \/* \u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u5e03\u5c40 *\/\n  padding: 50px 20px;\n  min-height: 100vh;\n}\n\n.App {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 550px; \/* \u7a0d\u5fae\u653e\u5927\u4e00\u70b9 *\/\n  background-color: #ffffff; \n  border-radius: 20px; \/* \u66f4\u5706\u6da6\u7684\u8fb9\u89d2 *\/\n  \/* \u66f4\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u5e26\u4e00\u70b9\u8272\u5f69 *\/\n  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(108, 92, 231, 0.2); \n  padding: 30px;\n  min-height: 500px;\n}\n\nheader {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 30px;\n}\n\nh1 {\n  \/* \u4f7f\u7528\u7d2b\u8272\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u5f3a\u8c03\u8272 *\/\n  color: #6c5ce7; \n  font-size: 2.5em;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  \/* \u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u65b9\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u6da6\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03 *\/\n  display: inline-block;\n  padding-bottom: 10px;\n  position: relative;\n}\n\nh1::after {\n  content: '';\n  position: absolute;\n  bottom: 0;\n  left: 50%;\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\n  width: 60%;\n  height: 4px;\n  background-color: #a29bfe;\n  border-radius: 2px;\n}\n\n\/* \u6dfb\u52a0 Todo \u8868\u5355\u6837\u5f0f *\/\n.add-todo-form {\n  display: flex;\n  margin-bottom: 35px;\n  gap: 12px; \n}\n\n.add-todo-form input {\n  flex-grow: 1;\n  padding: 14px 18px;\n  border: 2px solid #ddd;\n  border-radius: 10px; \/* \u4fdd\u6301\u5706\u6da6 *\/\n  font-size: 1.05em;\n  transition: all 0.3s ease;\n}\n\n.add-todo-form input:focus {\n  outline: none;\n  \/* \u805a\u7126\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u9752\u8272 *\/\n  border-color: #00cec9; \n  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 206, 201, 0.3);\n}\n\n.add-todo-form button {\n  padding: 14px 25px;\n  \/* \u6309\u94ae\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2b\u8272 *\/\n  background-color: #6c5ce7; \n  color: white;\n  border: none;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  font-size: 1.05em;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: background-color 0.3s, transform 0.1s;\n}\n\n.add-todo-form button:hover {\n  background-color: #584bda;\n}\n\n\/* Todo \u5217\u8868\u6837\u5f0f *\/\n.todo-list {\n  list-style: none;\n  padding: 0;\n}\n\n.todo-item {\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n  align-items: center;\n  padding: 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n  background-color: #f8f9fa; \n  border-radius: 10px;\n  transition: all 0.3s ease;\n  \/* \u5217\u8868\u9879\u7684\u67d4\u548c\u9634\u5f71 *\/\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); \n  border-left: 6px solid #a29bfe; \/* \u5de6\u4fa7\u7d2b\u8272\u88c5\u9970\u6761 *\/\n}\n\n.todo-item:hover {\n  background-color: #ffffff;\n  \/* \u9f20\u6807\u60ac\u505c\u65f6\u8fb9\u6846\u989c\u8272\u66f4\u6df1 *\/\n  border-left-color: #6c5ce7; \n}\n\n.task-text {\n  flex-grow: 1;\n  margin-right: 15px;\n  font-size: 1.1em;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  color: #2d3436; \/* \u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u989c\u8272 *\/\n}\n\n\/* \u5b8c\u6210\u72b6\u6001 *\/\n.todo-item.completed {\n  opacity: 0.9;\n  \/* \u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u4f7f\u7528\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u9752\u8272\u88c5\u9970\u6761 *\/\n  border-left-color: #00b894; \n  background-color: #e8f7f5; \/* \u7565\u5e26\u9752\u8272\u7684\u80cc\u666f *\/\n}\n\n.todo-item.completed .task-text {\n  text-decoration: line-through; \n  color: #95a5a6; \/* \u7070\u8272\u6587\u5b57 *\/\n}\n\n\/* \u5220\u9664\u6309\u94ae\u6837\u5f0f *\/\n.delete-btn {\n  \/* \u9192\u76ee\u7684\u7ea2\u8272 *\/\n  background-color: #ff6b6b; \n  color: white;\n  border: none;\n  padding: 10px 18px;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  font-size: 0.9em;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  transition: background-color 0.3s, transform 0.1s;\n}\n\n.delete-btn:hover {\n  background-color: #ee5253;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    C.\u8fd0\u884c\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u7aef\u548c\u524d\u7aef\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u7aef<\/strong>\uff1a \u6253\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165 server<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55   npm run dev<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u7aef<\/strong>\uff1a \u6253\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a<\/strong>\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165 client<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55   npm start<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u5207\u6362\u5b8c\u6210\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5220\u9664 Todo \u4e8b\u9879\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4f60\u7684 MongoDB Atlas \u4e91\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u6700\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784like this<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u540e\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u524d\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u6700\u7ec8\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    Network<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) \u6280\u672f\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u9009\u62e9 To […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,10,47,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-html5css3-","category-javascript","category-react","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2114,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions\/2114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}