{"id":2225,"date":"2025-11-09T21:11:45","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T13:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/?p=2225"},"modified":"2025-11-09T21:11:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T13:11:46","slug":"http-%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e6%bc%94%e8%bf%9b%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90-%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/2025\/11\/09\/http-%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e6%bc%94%e8%bf%9b%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90-%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u6f14\u8fdb\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790 \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u673a\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001HTTP\/1.1 \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HTTP\/1.1 \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Persistent Connection\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u7528 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 HTTP\/1.0 \u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u5efa\u7acb\/\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u673a\u5236<\/strong> \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6 \u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u6216\u5305\u542b <code>Connection: Keep-Alive<\/code>\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6548\u76ca<\/strong> \u4e00\u6b21\u7f51\u9875\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\uff08HTML CSS \u56fe\u7247\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<strong>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a<\/strong>\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong> \u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 <strong>3 \u6b21<\/strong> \u63e1\u624b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c <strong>4 \u6b21<\/strong> 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<strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u9762\u7684 HOL \u963b\u585e<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd<\/strong> \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00 4 \u5230 8 \u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5 \u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898 \u4f46\u8fd9\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001HTTP\/2 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27\u4e0e\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HTTP\/2 \u65e8\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3 HTTP\/1.1 \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42 HOL \u963b\u585e \u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27\u5c42\uff08Binary Framing Layer\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u673a\u5236<\/strong> \u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08HTTP\uff09\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08TCP\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u5206\u5e27\u5c42<\/strong> HTTP\/2 \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42 \u54cd\u5e94 \u5934\u90e8 \u6570\u636e\u90fd\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684 \u5e26\u6709<strong>\u6d41\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 (Stream ID)<\/strong> \u7684<strong>\u5e27 (Frames)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6d41 (Stream)<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d41\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ID<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 (Multiplexing) \u539f\u7406<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u7684\u5e27\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u4ea4\u9519\u53d1\u9001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u5e27\u4e0a\u7684 Stream ID 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\u53ef\u9760<\/strong>\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u540e\u679c<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u5728 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08Packet\uff09\u4e22\u5931 TCP \u5fc5\u987b<strong>\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong>\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5305\u5230\u8fbe <strong>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u5e8f\u6027<\/strong> \u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4 \u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef TCP \u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42\uff08HTTP\/2\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong> HTTP\/2 \u5c06\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 (TCP)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001HTTP\/3 \u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u7684 QUIC \u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HTTP\/3 \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u9664 TCP \u5e26\u6765\u7684 HOL \u963b\u585e \u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a **QUIC\uff08Quick UDP Internet Connections\uff09**\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. QUIC \u534f\u8bae\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u7840<\/strong> QUIC \u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684 <strong>UDP \u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\u4e4b\u4e0a \u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 TCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027 \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6d41\uff08Independent Streams\uff09<\/strong> QUIC \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u6761\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6d41 \u7c7b\u4f3c HTTP\/2 \u7684\u6d41 \u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u5728 <strong>QUIC \u5c42\u800c\u975e TCP \u5c42<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3 HOL \u963b\u585e\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>QUIC \u6d41\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 \u5982\u679c\u6d41 A \u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a UDP \u5305\u4e22\u5931 \u53ea\u6709\u6d41 A \u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u4f20<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6d41 B C \u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9 TCP \u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834 \u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 HOL \u963b\u585e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5173\u952e\u4f18\u5316 \u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u673a\u5236<\/strong> QUIC \u5c06 TCP \u7684\u63e1\u624b\uff083\u6b21 \u5f80\u8fd4\uff09\u548c TLS \u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u63e1\u624b\uff082\u6b21 \u5f80\u8fd4\uff09<strong>\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6548\u76ca<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9996\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong> \u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700 <strong>1\u6b21<\/strong> \u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4 (1-RTT) \u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u590d\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong> \u5229\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0 <strong>0\u6b21<\/strong> \u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4 (0-RTT) \u63e1\u624b \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong> \u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HTTP\/1.1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HTTP\/2<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HTTP\/3 (QUIC)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u5e95\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/td><td>TCP<\/td><td>TCP<\/td><td><strong>UDP<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42 HOL<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5355\u8fde\u63a5\u987a\u5e8f\u54cd\u5e94\uff09<\/td><td><strong>\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>\uff08\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff09<\/td><td><strong>\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>\uff08\u591a\u6d41\u72ec\u7acb\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 HOL<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5b58\u5728\uff08TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\uff09<\/td><td>\u5b58\u5728\uff08TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\uff09<\/td><td><strong>\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>\uff08QUIC \u6d41\u72ec\u7acb\u91cd\u4f20\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u5ef6<\/strong><\/td><td>3\u6b21 RTT<\/td><td>5\u6b21 RTT (TCP + TLS)<\/td><td><strong>1\u6b21 RTT \u6216 0\u6b21 RTT<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001HTTP\/1.1 \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u56f0\u5883 HTTP\/1.1 \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Persistent Co [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-35"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2225"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2226,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2225\/revisions\/2226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/womeifei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}